Martha Washington - Americas First First Lady

Dates: June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802First Lady* April 30, 1789 - March 4, 1797 Occupation: First Lady* of the United States as wife of the first US President, George Washington. She also managed the estate of her first husband and, while George Washington was away, Mount Vernon. *First Lady: the term First Lady came into use many years after Martha Washingtons death and so was not used for Martha Washington during her husbands presidency or in her lifetie. Its used here in its modern sense. Also Known As: Martha Dandridge Custis Washington About Martha Washington: Martha Washington, was born Martha Dandridge in Chestnut Grove, New Kent County, Virginia. She was the eldest daughter of John Dandridge, a wealthy landowner, and his wife, Frances Jones Dandridge, both of whom came from established New England families. Marthas first husband, also a wealthy landowner, was Daniel Parke Custis. They had four children; two died in childhood. Daniel Parke Custis died on July 8, 1757, leaving Martha quite wealthy, and in charge of running the estate and household, holding both a dower portion and managing the rest during her childrens minority. George Washington Martha met the young George Washington at a cotillion in Williamsburg. She had many suitors, but married Washington on January 6, 1759. She moved that spring with her two surviving children, John Parke Custis (Jacky) and Martha Parke Custis (Patsy), to Mount Vernon, Washingtons estate. Her two children were adopted and raised by George Washington. Martha was, by all accounts, a gracious hostess who helped restore Mount Vernon from the neglect of Georges time away during the French and Indian War. Marthas daughter died in 1773 at the age of 17, after some years of suffering epileptic seizures. Wartime In 1775, when George Washington had become the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, Martha traveled with her son, new daughter-in-law, and friends to stay with George at the winter army headquarters in Cambridge. Martha remained until June, returning in March of 1777 to the Morristown winter camp to nurse her husband, who was ill. In February of 1778 she rejoined her husband at Valley Forge. She is credited with helping to keep up the spirits of the troops during this gloomy period. Marthas son Jacky enlisted as an aide to his stepfather, serving briefly during the siege at Yorktown, dying after only a few days of what was called camp fever -- probably typhus. His wife was in ill health, and her youngest, Eleanor Parke Custis (Nelly) was sent to Mount Vernon to be nursed; her last baby, George Washington Parke Custis was also sent to Mount Vernon. These two children were raised by Martha and George Washington even after their mother remarried a doctor in Alexandria. On Christmas Eve, 1783, George Washington arrived back at Mount Vernon from the Revolutionary War, and Martha resumed her role as hostess. First Lady Martha Washington did not enjoy her time (1789-1797) as First Lady (the term was not then used) though she played her role as hostess with dignity. She had not supported her husbands candidacy for the presidency, and she would not attend his inauguration. The first temporary seat of government was in New York City, where Martha presided over weekly receptions. The seat of government  was later moved to Philadelphia where the Washingtons lived except for a return to Mount Vernon when a yellow fever epidemic swept Philadelphia. After the Presidency After the Washingtons returned to Mount Vernon, their granddaughter Nelly married Georges nephew, Lawrence Lewis. Nellys first child, Frances Parke Lewis, was born at Mount Vernon. Less than three weeks later, George Washington died, December 14, 1799, after suffering a severe cold. Martha moved out of their bedroom and into a third floor garret room and lived in seclusion, seen only by a few of the remaining slaves and Nelly and her family. Martha Washington burned all but two of the letters she and her husband had exchanged. Martha Washington lived until May 22, 1802. George had freed half the slaves of Mount Vernon, and Martha freed the rest. Martha Washington is buried with her husband in a tomb at Mount Vernon. Legacy George Washington Parke Custis daughter, Mary Custis Lee, married Robert E. Lee. A part of the Custis estate which had passed through George Washington Parke Custis to his son-in-law was confiscated by the federal government during the Civil War, though the United States Supreme Court eventually found that the government had to reimburse the family. That land is now known as Arlington National Cemetery. When a ship was named the USS Lady Washington in 1776, it became the first US military ship to be named for a woman and was the only ship the Continental Navy named for a woman. In 1901, Martha Washington became the first woman whose image was depicted on a US postage stamp.

Why I Shut Down Sweet Briar College, The Historic...

Why to shut down: Sweet Briar College, the historic perspective. John R. Thelin called the period from 1970 to 1980 â€Å"turbulent waters† for all institutions (Thelin, 2011, p. 317). After the golden age, the industry of Higher Education in the U.S. faced the not-so-bright future with a lot of colleges and universities being shut down. Thelin (2011, p. 337) points out that the institutions could have been prepared to handle the steadily declining enrollment, decreased revenues, decline in funding, stagflation, and rising campus maintenance costs if only they picked on the first signs of upcoming financial crisis when in 1970, the share price of the NSMC fell from $140 to $7 over the short period of time (Thelin, 2011, p. 317). However, the universities and colleges of that time were so confident and relied on â€Å"the public image of higher education as a â€Å"growth industry† (Thelin, 2011, p. 318) so much, that they were not monitoring the changing situation and thus, were not fast enough in adopting to new conditions. It does not mean that there were many college closings; vice a versa, some colleges grew, opened new programs and applied for research grants. These colleges adopted the enterprise thinking (Thelin, 2011, p. 337). Enterprise thinking, according to Thelin (2011, p.337), is about making strategic planning decisions based on the available data. One can think that by 2015 institutions of higher education would have learned how to utilize the results of ongoing

Break Point Essay Research Paper Surfing the free essay sample

Break Point Essay, Research Paper Surfboarding the interrupting moving ridges on Mayport Beach gives a feeling I will neer bury. I was 12 old ages old when my household and I lived on the shore of a little town known as Mayport. Two back-to-back old ages we dwelled in our cosy small beach house watching the glimmer ocean through our Windowss. Everyday I would take the way over the flaxen dunes, dodging the prickly goad and the crisp cati, onto the aureate white beach. I walk toward the shoreline seeking the dirt for any hoarded wealths the sand may keep for me. As I look out, my eyes see nil but the glasslike H2O disturbed merely by moving ridges interrupting on the shore. I drop my board in the cool H2O and get down to paddle out into the eternal ocean. As I approach the breakage point, I duck dive under the cool salty H2O so as non to be pushed back by the force of the on hotfooting moving ridges. We will write a custom essay sample on Break Point Essay Research Paper Surfing the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I paddle beyond the breakage point and sit on my board patiently waiting for the following moving ridge to pick me up. While waiting I notice porpoises turn overing in and out of the H2O, free as can be. The warm air current brings an olfactory property of salt and a mist of H2O. Waves begin to turn over through the H2O as I lay on my board padd ling forward. Closer and larger they grow until their power and force begins to push me through the water as I lay on my board paddling forward. I feel the force of the wave behind me as I shoot up to my feet, feeling the wax grip my feet. As the waves roars behind me, I duck down low and enter the barrel. Tilting the board forward, I emerge from the tunnel of water and end up a distance away fro the tube. I begin to slow down so I cut my board back to the barrel and throw it forward again, so I am again positioned in front of the pipe. After the wave finally dwindles down in the shallow water I pull my board over the lip to the back of the wave and begin paddling out to face another challenge. As the day begins to wane I ride my last wave and start toward home. Heading up the beach I notice sand crabs scurrying into their holes for safety. I step up onto the dunes and turn around to bask in the ocean’s beauty. The sun sets and the sky glows a pinkish red. The beach is empty as far as the eye can see and the seagulls dance in the crystal clear sky. Hearing the voice of my mother calling for dinner, I begin my journey back thanking God for such a majestic wonderful place.

Stating Your Claim free essay sample

Books should not be banned because by trying to censor books they are discouraging learning and attempting to prevent the truth. 2. ) Counter Claim: Some may disagree with me because. They feel that banning these books is a justified action, which may be to protect childrens innocence or promote national security and positive role models. 3. ) use the strategies you have learned for writing a strong opening arcograph to brainstorm ideas: Hook: What can you say about the topic to grab the audiences attention?How would you feel if all Of Our media was censored by the government? Bridge: How can you connect the hook to the claim and counterclaim? It isnt just the media that would be censored that includes books as well; some still believe that certain books should be banned from the people. Bridge: How can you transition from the counterclaim to the claim? Although the intentions for banning books are good, banning hem has equal moral conviction. We will write a custom essay sample on Stating Your Claim or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Your opening paragraph should follow this format: Hook Bridge between hook and argument topic Counterclaim Bridge between the counterclaim and claim Claim B. Use your ideas to write a solid opening paragraph. Paste your opening paragraph in the space below. How would you feel if all of our media was censored by the government? It isnt just the media that would be restricted, it includes books as well; some still believe that certain books should be banned from the people.They feel that banning these books is a justified action, which could be to protect childrens innocence or promote national security and positive role models. Although the intentions for banning books are good, banning them has equal moral conviction. Books should not be banned because by trying to censor books they are discouraging learning and attempting to prevent the truth. C. Before submitting your worksheet, highlight or underline your claim and counterclaim in your opening paragraph so your instructor can easily identify them.